Animal and plant eukaryotic pathogens, such as the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the potato late blight agent Phytophthora infestans, are widely divergent eukaryotic microbes.Yet they both produce secretory virulence and pathogenic proteins that alter host cell functions.In P.falciparum, export of parasite proteins to the host er
Cylindrocladium buxicola is a fungal pathogen of Buxus spp.in Turkey; the pathogen was first noted in 2011 on the native populations of B.sempervirens in forests in Trabzon in the Black Sea region.Surveys conducted in November 2012 revealed a devastating neflintw-r6mpw impact of the pathogen on natural B.sempervirens populations, in which the trees
Background One of the requirements of the Osun State smoke-free legislation is to ensure smoke-free enclosed and partially enclosed workplaces.This survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of workers in indoor bars, beer parlors and discotheques to smoke-free legislation in general and the Osun State smoke-free law in particular.Me
Adaptation to coastal flood risk is hampered by high uncertainty in the rate and magnitude of sea-level rise.Subsequently, adaptation decisions carry strong risks of under- or over-investment, and could lead to costly retrofitting or unnecessary high margins.To better allocate resources timely and effectively, and achieve long-term sustainability,
Floral scent is a crucial characteristic that greatly affects the reproductive process and also the market value of numerous ornamental crops.As the pivotal species in basal dicotyledonous, Clematis is widely favored as an ornamental vine plant due to its varied colors and shapes of flowers.However, the diversity and complexity of the floral fragra